7 Maravillas de Medicina Divina | GumRoad

 

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"Art Forms in Nature", de Ernst Haeckel: para meditación de boca abierta, deleite, gratitud

 Qué regalo. Iba tras las huellas de Darwin. Buscaba eslabones en una evolución que se despliega en el tiempo, con forma de árbol. Lo que había de verdad es un universo completo renovándose, en cada una de sus etapas, todo el tiempo, mediante un sistema de transmisión genética menos hereditaria que horizontal. Hay que estudiar el tema (dejé en https://ylapalomanohallodescanso.blogspot.com/2021/04/lei-en-blinkist-tangled-tree-radical.html un buen punto de inicio).

Por lo pronto, estos dibujos minuciosamente maravillosos nos sirven para meditar en la belleza y la precisión de toda la creación, para colarnos en túneles de sincronía que se iluminan en nuestra conciencia. Para desarrollar la intuición de sabiduría. Para ser más felices. Al decir de David Quammen en "The Tangled Tree: a Radical New History of Life: "The tree of life may have reached its apex with the gifted illustrator and biologist Ernst Haeckel. In the latter half of the 1800s, Haeckel published multivolume books filled with remarkably detailed drawings of fascinating microscopic creatures and more than a few trees of life. But unlike Augier’s tree, Haeckel drew evolutionary trees that illustrated the precise lineage of living things. He produced a tree of vertebrates, mollusks, plants and mammals, just to name a few."

Te dejo el libro descargable en https://www.facebook.com/download/1152211268584356/ernst%20haeckel%20art%20forms%20in%20nature%201283-1311.pdf

leí en Blinkist "The Tangled Tree: a Radical New History of Life", de David Quammen

en borrador para pensar y jugar, algunos fragmentos que condujeron mi pensamiento por caminos sorprendentes, rebosantes de un júbilo que no esperaba:

Like many other things in science, the concept behind the tree of life diagram can be traced back to Aristotle. He mentioned the progressional development of animals in his book History of Animals, written in the fourth century BCE. However, Aristotle suggests that progress in nature is akin to ascending a ladder; living organisms start out as elements such as earth, water and fire, and gradually evolve into plants, animals and then humans. At the top of the evolutionary ladder, humans turn into heavenly beings. All life is part of one “stairway to heaven,” so to speak.

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At the turn of the century, Merezhkowsky was one of the first to suggest that cells could have evolved through symbiosis – that is, that one cell could absorb something like a bacteria and begin to use it as its own organ.

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remite  a un único origen común a todo (en la categoría הארץ de ברא' א,א), y las cadenas de especificación בהשתלשלות העולמות והספירות:

This led to an even bigger idea, which Merezhkowsky laid out in a 1905 paper: chloroplasts are not “homegrown organs” that developed in plant cells over time, as was then thought. Instead, plant cells were once the same as animal cells, but then they absorbed photosynthetic bacteria and became plant cells. Merezhkowsky even coined a term for the creation of new forms of life through the merging of two separate organisms: symbiogenesis.

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incorporación de כלים nuevos por vía de תיקונים constantes:

In the mid-1920s, Ivan E. Wallin produced a series of prescient papers suggesting that the symbiotic relationship between bacteria and other organisms has been responsible for major developments in life on our planet.

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rumbo a confirmar lo que decíamos:

Regardless, mainstream science was not ready to accept these head-spinning developments, for it suggested that the history of life is reliant upon something that isn’t supposed to happen: horizontal gene transfer.

Prevailing thought was that genetic information was a one-way street – passed down to offspring via reproduction. If Woese, Bonen and Doolittle were correct, genetic material had been routinely absorbed from one species by another, no reproduction necessary. The tree had begun to get tangled.

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Woese updated the Big Tree in 1987 and 1990, but it started with three main branches, Eukarya, Bacteria and Archaea, all stemming from a mysterious area labeled “Common ancestral state.”

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What was really provocative was that Woese’s 1990 tree also suggested that Archaea and Eukarya have common ancestry. By extension, this meant that all plants and animals, including humans, have lineage that includes the archaea Woese discovered only a few years before.

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What was really provocative was that Woese’s 1990 tree also suggested that Archaea and Eukarya have common ancestry. By extension, this meant that all plants and animals, including humans, have lineage that includes the archaea Woese discovered only a few years before.

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One of the more significant documentations of antibiotic-resistant bacteria took place in Japan following World War II. Conditions in the country were grim, and dysentery was spreading rapidly. Not only that, but the responsible bacterium, Shigella dysenteriae, was quickly developing resistance to treatment – first to one drug, then to two drugs. By the late 1950s, they were dealing with a superbug that was resistant to four different antibiotics.

This resistance was developing so fast that it couldn’t be explained by Darwinian mutations and normal inheritance. These days, it’s more widely understood that bacteria can contain something known as transferable resistance factors, which are capable of quickly going from one species to another, no Darwinian inheritance necessary.

The example of Shigella dysenteriae also shows us the motivation behind HGT, as well as that behind evolution itself. For a while now, it’s been becoming clearer that the real agents of survival are the genes rather than the organism hosting the genes.

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así de bello
המחדש בטובו בכל יום תמיד:

Some of the most recent evidence suggests that, over the course of millions of years, “alien” genes have been incorporated into “the deepest cellular identity of plants, fungi and animals.” They’ve moved from chloroplasts and mitochondria and can now be found in the essential genomes of complex creatures.

And then there are all the microbes that inhabit the human body. When you add up all the gut microbes, not to mention those in your armpits, skin and eyelashes, it turns out you’re made up of more microbe cells than “human” cells. And among all these little creatures, HGT is constant.

But these aren’t invaders – they’re essential to your health, well-being and critical functions, such as digesting food. So are you an individual or actually a network of organisms? Some scientists go so far as to question whether the idea of an “organism” is still valid.